Devising a Complete Exercise Protocol Assisting Older Adults Isolated During COVID-19: A Mini Review
PDF

Keywords

Older Adult
COVID-19
Exercise
Musculoskeletal Development
Immune Function
Aged

How to Cite

Khan, M. J. (2020). Devising a Complete Exercise Protocol Assisting Older Adults Isolated During COVID-19: A Mini Review. International Journal of Aging Health and Movement, 2(1), 1-7. Retrieved from http://www.ijahm.com/index.php/IJAHM/article/view/7

Abstract

Background: Globally, the pandemic situation coined due to COVID-19 damage to the orderly adults health from different degrees of impact on cardiorespiratory, physical and immunity functioning, and forced to stay at four walls for a period of time outweighs the risk of disability. Objective: This quick mini review investigate the recent articles coining a complete exercise guideline outcome of preventing, maintain and improving health status.  Methods: We updated the search in the PubMed, Google Scholar and BioMed Central to April 2020. Randomized controlled trials, recommendation, interview that reported on exercise supports as preventive or therapeutic intervention for cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and immune function. Review author extracted data on the study population, interventions, and final results, and presented in a descriptive form. Results: The moderate amount of exercises including purse-lip breathing, resistance by Therabelt and aerobic are much more effective continue 3 (2-4) rating of perceived exertion for 150-300 min/week and 150 min/3 or more days each week for excellent mobile and poor mobile older people, respectively, in improving musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory and immune function. Conclusion: Modest amount of exercises fetched the large chunks of health benefit for isolated older adult.

PDF

References

Wuhan Municipal Health Commission. Report of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in China. Published January 20, 2020. Available from http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020012009077 (Accessed January 31, 2020).

WHO. Novel coronavirus – China. Available from https://www.who.int/csr/1.don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/ (Accessed December 1, 2020).

Phelan, A. L., Katz, R., & Gostin, L. O. The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance. JAMA. 2020; 323(8), 709-710. doi:10.1001/jama.2020 .1097.

Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses—a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. bioRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020 .02.07.937862 (preprint).

Chan, J. W. M., Ng, C. K., Chan, Y. H., et al. Short term outcome and risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Thorax. 2003; 58(8): 686–89. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/th orax.58.8.686.

WHO. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov) (Accessed April 29, 2020).

Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:1199-1207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa20 01316.

Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., Fauci, A. S. Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold. JAMA. 2020; 323(8):707-708. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.0757.

Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. 382:727-733. N Engl J Med. 2020. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1 056/NEJMoa20 01017.

Zhang, Y. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. China CDC Weekly. 2020. 2(8), 113-122. doi: 10.46234/ccd cw2020.032.

Wang, C., Hornby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., et al. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):470-473. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.

Munuster, V. J., Koopmans, M., van Doremalen, N., et al. A novel coronavirus emerging in China – key questions for impact assessment. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382:692-694

doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2000929

13 WHO. HealthyAtHome - Physical activity, Available from https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combatcoronavirus/healthyathome/healthyathome---physical-activity (Accessed April 30, 2020).

Liu, K., Zhangb, W., Yangc, Y., et al. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020; 39(2020) ;101166. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.1011 66.

Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2020; 1(6) doi: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494.

Campos, M. V. A., & Miguel, H. Elastic resistance training: resistance exercise alternative in the home environment during Covid-19 pandemic. COVID-19 EM DEBATE. InterAm J Med Health. 2020. 3:e202003006. doi: https://doi.org /10.31005/iajmh.v3i0.77.

Zhu, W. (2020). Should, and how can, exercise be done during a coronavirus outbreak? An interview with Dr. Jeffrey A. Woods. J Sport Health Sci. 2020; 9(2):105-107. doi: 10.1016/j. jshs.2020.01.005

Cieloszczyk, A., Lewko, A., Śliwka, A., et al. Recommendations for physiotherapy of adult patients with COVID-19. The recommendations were made under the patronage of Polish Physiotherapy Association. 2020. Available from https://www.wcpt.org/sites/wcpt.org/files/ files/wcptnews/images/Recommendations%20for%20physiotherapy%20of%20adult%20patients%20with%20COVID-19_POLISH.pdf (Accessed April 27, 2020).

Whaley, M. H., Brubaker P. H., Otto, R. M., & Armstrong, L. E. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Baltimore: Lippincot Williams Wilkins, 2006.

Samson, M., Button, D. C., Chaouachi, A., et al. Effect of dynamic and static stretching within general and activity Secific warmup. J Sports Sci Med. 2012; 11(2): 279–285. PMID: 24149 201.

Nguyen, J., & Duong, H. Pursed-lip Breathing. [Updated 2019 Sep 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020. PMID: 31424873

22 Watchie, J. Cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy. 2nd edition. Saunders Elsevier, 2010.

Kojima, H., Yamada, T., Takeda, M., et al. (2006). Effectiveness of cough exercise and expiratory muscle training: a meta-analysis. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK73157/ (Accessed April 18, 2020).

Cotin, S., Delingette, H., & Ayache, N. A hybrid elastic model allowing real-time cutting, deformations and force-feedback for surgery training and simulation. The Visual Computer. 2020; 16(8): 437-452. doi: http://dx.doi.org/0.1 007/ PL0000721.

Yu, W., An, C., & Kang, H. Effect: Thera-band is possible to improve the static and dynamic balance of elderly adults. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013; 25(11): 1471–1473. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.1471

Pourtaghi, F., Moghadam, Z. E., Ramazani, M., et al. Effect of Resistance Training using Thera-Band on Muscular Strength and Quality of Life. Evidence Based Care. 2017; 7(3):7-16. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.22038/ebcj. 2017.25876.1584.

Bakken, R. C., Carey, J. R., Di Fabio, R. P., et al. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Tracking Performance in Elderly People: A Pilot Study. Physical Therapy. 2001; 81(12):1870-1879. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.12.1870

Pescatello, L. S., Arena, R., Riebe, D., & D. Thompson, P. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.

Zheng, G., Qiu, P., Xia, R., et al. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2019; 11:98. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00098.

Chaabene, H., Behm, D. G., Negra, Y., et al. Acute Effects of Static Stretching on Muscle Strength and Power: An Attempt to Clarify Previous Caveats. Front. Physiol. 2019; 10:1468. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01468.

Kravitz, L., & Heyward, V. H. Flexibility Training. Available from https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/ Articlefolder/flextrain.html (Accessed May 2, 2020).

Stathokostas, L., Little, R. M. D., Vandervoort, A. A, et al. Flexibility Training and Functional Ability in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. 2012; 2012( 306818);30. doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2012/306818

WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 62. Available from <https://www. who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200322> (Assessed April 03, 2020).

Hui, D., S, Azhar, E. I., Madani, T., A., et al. The continuing 2019- nCoV epidemic threat of nove l coronaviruses to global health – the latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan. China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 91:264 − 6. doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009.

Coronavirus action plan: a guide to what you can expect across the UK. (2020). Department of Health and Social Care. Available from https://www.gov.uk/government/pu-blications/ coronavirus-action-plan/coronavirus-action-plan -a-guide-to-what-you-can-expect--across-the-uk #what-we-know-about-the-virus-and-the-disease s-it-causes (Accessed March 21, 2020).

Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., et al. Clinical Characteris tics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 323(11):1061-1069. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585.

Gaythorpe, K., Imai, N., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., et al. Imperial College London COVID-19 Response Team. Report 8: Symptom progression of COVID-19, Available from https://www.Imperial.acuk/media/imperial-colle ge/medicine/sph/ide/gidafellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-symptom-progression-11-03-2020.pdf (Accessed March 20, 2020).

Hough, A. Hough’s Cardiorespiratory Care- an evidence-based, problem-solving approach. 5th ed. Elsevier Ltd, 2017.

Sadeghi, H., Hakim, M. N, Hamid, T. A., et al. The effect of exergaming on knee proprioception in older men: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriat. 2017; 69:144–150. doi:10.101 6/j.arc hger.2016.11.009.

Kosma, M., Hondzinski, J. M, Buchanan, D. R. Exercise, Health, and Falls Risks among Older African American Women. Int J Kin Sports Sci. 2017; 5(3):16-27. doi: 10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.5n.3p.16.

Linkoko, T. B., Kampy, E. K., Mabenza, B. M., et al. Fall and Quality of Life of the Elderly: Effect of a Physical Exercise Program Focused on the Balance Training. Int J Aging Health Mov. 2019; 1(1):1-10. Retrieved from http://ijahm.co m/index.php/IJAHM/article/view/6.

Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., et al. The physical activity guidelines for Americans. JAMA. 2018; 320(19):2020–2028. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2018.14854.

American College of Sports Medicine. Exercise is Medicine, Available from https://www.exercis eismedicine.org/support_page.php/stories/?b=892 (Accessed April 3, 2020).

Spanish Society of Sports Medicine, Agency for the Protection of Health in Sports, General Council of Official Medical Colleges of Spain. Society Recommendations Spanish Sports Medicine, Sports Protection Agency and the Council General of Official Medical Associations of Spain in relation to the training of athletes in the state of alarm decreed, Available from http://www.femede.es/documentos/Recomendaciones_enfermedad_cronica-01.pdf (Accessed 20 March, 2020).

Healthbeat. Benefits of flexibility exercises, Available from https://www.health.harvard.edu/ stayinghealthy/benefits-of-flexibility-exercises (Accessed 25 March, 2020).

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.